International Journal of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences Research

Artificial intelligence is increasingly shaping the functioning of democratic governance by influencing public administration, citizen participation, and policy decision-making. This paper examines AI as a critical factor in democratic governance, with particular emphasis on the Indian context. It explores how AI-enabled systems are being integrated into public service delivery, datadriven governance, and participatory platforms to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accountability. At the same time, the study critically assesses the risks associated with algorithmic bias, data privacy, surveillance, and regulatory gaps that may undermine democratic values if left unaddressed. Drawing on India’s evolving policy initiatives, including its national AI strategies and human-centric governance frameworks, the paper highlights the country’s efforts to balance innovation with ethical safeguards and public trust. India’s experience demonstrates how AI can support inclusive governance in a large and diverse democracy, while also revealing the structural and institutional challenges faced by developing nations. The analysis underscores that AI should not be viewed as a replacement for democratic processes, but as an enabling tool whose legitimacy depends on transparency, accountability, and citizen oversight. The paper concludes that responsible AI governance, supported by adaptive regulation and institutional capacity-building, is essential for aligning technological advancement with democratic principles.